General

Scientific Names: Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.

Common Names: Long Du Da Ji, Mao Yan Cao.

BOTANICAL:

来 源： 为大戟科植物狼毒大戟Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. 的根。

植物特征： 多年生草本，高达40cm，有白色乳汁。叶互生，叶片矩圆形至矩圆状披针形，长3～8cm，宽1～3cm，全缘，叶状苞片5，轮生。总状花序多歧聚伞状，通常5伞梗，每伞梗又生出3小伞梗或再抽第3回小伞梗；杯状总苞裂片内面近无毛，外面有柔毛，边缘有睫毛，腺体肾形。蒴果密生短柔毛或无毛。花期5～6月，果期6～7月。

生药材鉴定： 根粗大，多为横切、斜切或纵切片，呈类圆形、长圆形或块状，直径1．5～6cm，厚0．5～lcm。栓皮灰棕色，剥落后皮层显棕黄色或棕红色；切面黄白色，异型维管束形成较明显的同心环纹。质轻，折断面有粉性。气微，味甘。

Pharmacology

化学成分: 含二萜醇类化合物，包括岩大戟内酯（jolkinolide）A、B,狼毒大戟甲、乙素（fischeriana A，B）等，并含大戟醇（euphol）、皂甙、强心甙、甾醇、酚类及鞣质。

Efficacy

Two diterpenoide lactones 16-hydroxypseudojolkinolide B and jolkinolide B were isolated from Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. They showed inhibitory effect on human tumor cells both the K562 cell and CNE2 cell and significant dose-effect relationship. The IC50 values of 16-hydroxypseudojolkinolide B on the two human tumor cells were near to that of ADM's. (source)

Euphorbia fischeriana is a Chinese herbal medicine which has been reported to possess chemotherapeutic effects, yet the underlying mechanism is unclear. In order to understand its possible anti-tumor property, we have isolated a number of chemical compounds from the roots of this plant [Phytochemistry 52 (1999) 117] and studied their in vitro effects by using human prostate LNCaP cancer cell line. Among the six compounds tested, jolkinolide B exhibited the most potent anti-proliferative activity (IC(50)=12.5 microg/mL=40 microM) and it inhibited DNA synthesis by down-regulating bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in LNCaP cells in a dose-dependent manner. Jolkinolide B, at concentrations up to 25 microg/mL, induced G1 arrest and neuroendocrine differentiation of LNCaP cells. Immunoblotting analysis confirmed the increased expression of neuroendocrine markers, keratin 8/18 (K8/18) and neuron specific enolase (NSE), in these cells. Apoptotic bodies and DNA fragmentation were observed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry when the cells were exposed to a concentration higher than 25 microg/mL jolkinolide B. Taken all data together, jolkinolide B seems to play a role in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of LNCaP cells. (source)

IN VITRO:

1. Liu WK, et al., [Studies on Euphorbia fischeriana diterpenoide lactones inhibitory effect on human tumor cells in vitro]. Zhong Yao Cai. 2000 Oct; 23(10):623-5. Chinese.
2. Liu WK, et al., Jolkinolide B induces neuroendocrine differentiation of human prostate LNCaP cancer cell line. Biochem Pharmacol. 2002 Mar 1; 63(5):951-7.
3. Shen TJ, et al., [Antineoplastic effect of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud on mice with implanted tumor]. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1984 Jan; 4(1):46-7. Chinese.
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

Safety

宜忌: 有毒。