General

Scientific Names: Polygonum tinctorium Ait.

Common Names: Liao Lan, Qing Dai.

BOTANICAL:

来 源： 蓼科（Polygonaceae）植物蓼蓝polygonum tinctorium Ait.的干燥叶。

植物特征： 一年生草本，高50～80cm茎圆柱形，淡紫红色，下部节处生须根。单叶互生。花序穗状，顶生或腋生，花淡红色，密集；花被5深裂。瘦果卵形，具3棱，黑褐色，含种子1枚，包于宿存的花被内。

生药材鉴定： 多皱缩，有的已破碎。完整叶片呈卵形或宽椭圆形，长3-9cm，宽2-6cm，顶端钝圆，基部楔形或圆形，边全缘有 睫毛，蓝绿色或暗蓝色。两面脉上均被粗状毛，中脉和侧脉均明显，侧脉每边6-7条。叶柄长5-15mm，偶带圆筒状膜质叶鞘，顶端有长睫毛。质脆易碎。气 微，味微涩，微苦。 以叶大完整，色暗绿色或蓝绿色者为佳。

Pharmacology

化学成分: 青黛中含靛玉红、靛兰约3%～7%、色胺酮、青黛酮、异靛兰、N-苯基-α萘胺、虫漆蜡醇、β-谷甾醇。

Efficacy

The effect of a crude ethyl acetate (AcOEt)-extract and tryptanthrin extracted from the Indigo plant (Polygonum tinctorium Lour.) on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced intestinal tumors was examined in F344 rats. The rats were given subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of either AOM (15 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) once a week for 3 weeks to induce atypical crypt foci (ACF) as a known cancer precursor, or AOM (7.5 mg/kg b.w.) once a week for 10 weeks to induce intestinal tumors. The rats were also administered the AcOEt-extract (500 mg/kg b.w.) or tryptanthrin (50 mg/kg b.w.) orally, 5 days a week, for 7 or 30 weeks, starting two days before the first administration of AOM. All rats were killed 4 or 20 weeks after the last treatment. In the short-term experiment, the incidence of ACE and atypical crypts (AC) in the groups receiving the AcOEt-extract and tryptanthrin was significantly lower than in the control group. In the tumor-inducing experiment, intestinal tumor incidence in the tryptanthrin group was lower than in the AOM-control group (5% versus 26%), and small intestine tumor incidence in the AcOEt-extract and tryptanthrin groups were lower than in the AOM-control group (0% and 0% versus 23%). These results show that the AcOEt-extract of Indigo and tryptanthrin have cancer chemopreventive activity. (source)

用于治疗白血病、骨髓瘤、颌窦癌等。

慢性粒细胞白血病，青黛每次0.9～1.5g，吞服或冲服，日服3次。如青黛鳖甲汤：青黛、鳖甲各62g，生地32g，龟板、生牡蛎、太 子参、生山药、地骨皮各31g，鸡内金、丹皮、赤芍各12g，当归、炮山甲各15g，红花、广木香各9g，甘草3g研末，炼蜜为丸，每丸9g，日服4～6 丸。以此方剂配用马利蓝治疗慢性粒细胞白血病36例，治疗生存10年以上3例，6～9年8例，5～6年14例，3～5年9例，不足3年2例。以靛玉红治疗 慢性细胞白血病314例。完全缓解82例（26.1%），部分缓解105例（33.4%），进步87例（27.8%），无效40例（12.7%）。达最佳 疗效时间平均66.1～70.2天，最佳疗效剂量10.43～14.16g。 (source)

IN VITRO:

1. Motoki T, et al., Inhibition of hepatocyte growth factor induction in human dermal fibroblasts by tryptanthrin. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 Feb; 28(2):260-6.
2. Koya-Miyata S, et al., Prevention of azoxymethane-induced intestinal tumors by a crude ethyl acetate-extract and tryptanthrin extracted from Polygonum tinctorium Lour. Anticancer Res. 2001 Sep-Oct; 21(5):3295-300.
   

IN VIVO:

1. Koya-Miyata S, et al., Prevention of azoxymethane-induced intestinal tumors by a crude ethyl acetate-extract and tryptanthrin extracted from Polygonum tinctorium Lour. Anticancer Res. 2001 Sep-Oct; 21(5):3295-300.

Safety