General

Scientific Names: Polygonum lapathifolium L. var. salicifolium Sibth.

Common Names: Liu Ye Liao

BOTANICAL:

来 源： 为双子叶植物药蓼科植物柳叶蓼 Polygonum lapathifolium L. var. salicifolium Sibth.的果实。

植物特征： 一年生草本，高40—90厘米。茎直立，具分枝，无毛，节部膨大。叶片披针形或宽披针形，先端渐尖或急尖，基部楔形，长5—15厘米，宽1—3厘米，上面绿色，常有一个大的黑褐色新月形斑点，沿中脉被短硬伏毛，全缘，边缘具粗缘毛；叶柄短，具短硬伏毛，托叶鞘筒状，长1.5—3厘米，膜质，淡褐色，无毛，具多数脉，先端截形，无缘毛，稀具短缘毛。紧密乌黑茎。总状花序呈穗状，顶生或腋生，近直立，花紧密，通常由数个花穗再组成圆锥状，花序梗被腺体；苞片漏斗状，边缘具稀疏短缘毛；花被4（5）深裂，裂片椭圆形，淡红色或白色，外面两面较大，脉粗壮，先端叉分，外弯；雄蕊通常6。瘦果宽卵形，双凹镜状，黑褐色，有光泽，长2—3毫米，包于宿存花被内。花期7—9月，果期8—10月。

生药材鉴定： 药材扁圆至扁长圆形，直径1.5～2mm，厚约0.5mm，残存花柱较长。粉末中含淀粉粒大多类球形，直径2～10μm，脐点少数，呈点状；外果皮栅状细胞长63～110μm，直径18～25μm，顶面观呈圆多角形，壁厚，约8.5μm，棕色，细胞壁不甚明显。

Pharmacology

化学成分: 叶含黄酮类化合物荭草甙（Orientoside）、荭草素（Orientin）、异牡荆素（Isovitexin）；尚含叶绿醌（Plastoquinone），硝酸钾和β-谷甾醇。

Efficacy

Four new phenylpropanoid esters of sucrose, lapathosides A (1), B (2), C (3), and D (4), were isolated from the aerial parts of Polygonum lapathifolium together with known esters, vanicoside B (5) and hydropiperoside (6). The structures of 1-4 were determined by spectral (1D and 2D NMR and MS) analysis. Lapathoside A (1) and vanicoside B (2) showed significant inhibitory effects on the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation by tumor-promoters. (source)

To search for cancer chemopreventive agents from natural resources, many phytochemicals have been screened using the in vitro synergistic assay indicated by the inhibitory effects on the induction of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Two phenylpropanoid esters of sucrose, vanicoside B and lapathoside A, were isolated from the aerial part of Polygonum lapathifolium as inhibitors on the EBV-EA induction. These compounds also exhibited significant anti-tumor-promoting effects on mouse two-stage skin carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA, as an initiator) and TPA as a promoter. Further, vanicoside B exhibited the remarkable inhibitory effect on two-stage carcinogenesis test of mouse skin tumors initiated with an NO donor, NOR-1. (source)

IN VITRO:

1. Takasaki M, et al., New phenylpropanoid esters of sucrose from Polygonum lapathifolium. J Nat Prod. 2001 Oct; 64(10):1305-8.
2. Takasaki M, et al., Cancer chemopreventive activity of phenylpropanoid esters of sucrose, vanicoside B and lapathoside A, from Polygonum lapathifolium. Cancer Lett. 2001 Nov 28; 173(2):133-8.
   
   
   

IN VIVO:

1. Takasaki M, et al., Cancer chemopreventive activity of phenylpropanoid esters of sucrose, vanicoside B and lapathoside A, from Polygonum lapathifolium. Cancer Lett. 2001 Nov 28; 173(2):133-8.
   
   

Safety