General
Scientific Names: Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl
Common Names: Pi Pa, Lu Jü, Jin Wan.
BOTANICAL:
         
The tree is native to southeastern China, but it is widely cultivated. The tree is evergreen, with distinctly ribbed leaves, and grows to 5 or 10 metres high. The fruit is small (3 or 4 cm long), pale tangerine-coloured, and pear-shaped, sometimes with a single almost spherical stone in the centre (1 cm dia.), other times with two or three. The taste is quite delicate, but distinctive, with a pleasant tartness.
来 源：
为蔷薇科植物枇杷Eriobotrya japonica（Thunb．）Lindl，的干燥叶。 植物特征：
常绿小乔木。小枝密生锈色绒毛。叶革质，倒披针形、倒卵形至矩圆形，先端尖或渐尖，基部楔形或渐狭成叶柄，边缘上部有疏锯齿，表面多皱、绿色，背面及叶柄密生灰棕色绒毛。圆锥花序顶生，花梗、萼筒皆密生锈色绒毛，花白色，芳香。花期11月至翌年2月。果球形或矩圆形，黄色或桔黄色。果熟期5月-6月。
植物资源分布：
种于村边、平地、坡地。全国各地均有栽培，四川、湖北有野生。
生药材鉴定：
枇杷叶 呈长圆形或倒卵形，长12—30cm，宽4—9cm。先端尖，基部楔形，边缘有疏锯齿，近基部全缘。上表面灰绿色，黄棕色或红棕色，较光滑；下表面密被黄色绒毛，主脉显著突起，侧脉羽状；叶柄极度短，被棕黄色绒毛。革质。无臭，味微苦。
Pharmacology
化学成分:
含苦杏仁甙（amygdalin）、熊果酸、齐墩果酸、维生素B1、和C、鞣质、有机酸、糖类等。
Efficacy IN VITRO:
- Ito H, et al.,
Antitumor activity of compounds isolated from leaves of Eriobotrya japonica.
J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Apr 10; 50(8):2400-3.
- Taniguchi S, et al.,
Production of bioactive triterpenes by Eriobotrya japonica calli.
Phytochemistry. 2002 Feb; 59(3):315-23.
- Ito H, et al.,
Polyphenols from Eriobotrya japonica and their cytotoxicity against human oral tumor cell lines.
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2000 May; 48(5):687-93.
Safety 用药忌宜：
胃寒呕吐及肺感风寒咳嗽者，法并忌之。
種子與幼葉有毒。幼童吃種子20粒以上，會有頭昏、噁心、嘔吐、下痢、呼吸困難、肌肉痙攣等現象。
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