General

Scientific Names: Lysimachia clethroides Duby.

Common Names: Zhen Zhu Cai, Zhen Zhu Hua Cai, Xiang Cai, Jiao Cai, Che Gen Cai, Hu Wei.

BOTANICAL:

Source: The whole plant of Lysimachia Clethro ides Duby and L. fortunel Maxim., family Primulaceae.

A herb, erect, less branching. Stem sometimes with black glandular punctate. Leaves alternate, ovate-elliptical or lanceolate. Raceme terminal Corolla white, dense or sparse. Capsule globular. Bitter and astringent in taste, mild in nature, and attributive to liver and stomach channels.

珍珠菜为多年生草本植物，株高30～90厘米，浅根性。茎直立，分枝性强，茎带紫红色，通常无毛，易发生不定根。叶互生，叶片羽状分裂，小叶叶缘锯齿状；叶柄长，槽沟状，叶片深绿色。总状花序，生于茎的顶端，花小型，花瓣白色，花期4～5个月，果期5～6个月。

Pharmacology

化学成分: 根含多种皂甙，甙元是报春花皂甙元 A(Primulagenin A)和二氢药用樱草皂甙元 A(Dihydropriverogenin A)即山茶皂甙元 A(Camelliagenin A)。报春花甙元的含量达16%。种子含脂肪油32.24%。根含皂甙类约2.8%，水解分离得报春花皂甙元A（primulagenin A），山茶子皂甙元A（dihydropriverogenin A）。另含黄酮类化合物。

Its flavones inhibiting various kind of sarcoma in animals and leukemia61 in mice.

Efficacy

抗肿瘤：珍珠菜黄酮甙625mg/kg腹腔注射，连续15天对小鼠宫颈癌（U14）、连续8天对小鼠肉瘤-180（S180）、连续14天对艾氏腹水癌实体型（ESC）均有抑制作用，对小鼠网织细胞瘤腹水型、淋巴肉瘤也有效；273mg/kg腹腔注射连续7天，对大鼠瓦克癌（W256）有抑制作用。

可用于甲状腺癌、消化道癌、宫颈癌等多种恶性肿瘤。

（1）用于痰火胶结、气滞血瘀的甲状腺肿瘤、淋巴肉瘤等，常与夏枯草、海藻、黄药子等配合应用。

（2）用于痰气凝结、胸隔痞塞的食管癌、贲门癌、胃癌，症见进食困难，或食人作吐，痰涎壅塞等，常与陈皮、半夏、肿节风、白花蛇舌草、石打穿等配合应用。 (Source)

IN VITRO:

1. Arimura T, et al., Reactive oxygen species-independent G1 arrest induced by evening primrose extract in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Cancer Lett. 2004 Apr 15; 207(1):19-25.
2. Tokalov SV, et al., Biological effects of epicuticular flavonoids from Primula denticulata on human leukemia cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Jan 28; 52(2):239-45.
   
   

Safety

毒性：珍珠菜黄酮腹腔注射对小鼠的半数致死量为1450mg/kg。